Comparative Osteology : A Laboratory and Field Guide of Common North American Animals

In the forensic context it is quite common for nonhuman bones to be confused with human remains and end up in the medical examiner or coroner system. It is also quite common for skeletal remains (both human and nonhuman) to be discovered in archaeological contexts. While the difference between human and nonhuman bones is often very striking, it can also be quite subtle. Fragmentation only compounds the problem. The ability to differentiate between human and nonhuman bones is dependent on the training of the analyst and the available reference and/or comparative material. Comparative Osteology is a photographic atlas of common North American animal bones designed for use as a laboratory and field guide by the forensic scientist or archaeologist. The intent of the guide is not to be inclusive of all animals, but rather to present some of the most common species which also have the highest likelihood of being potentially confused with human remains  Read more... 1. Introduction, Scope of Book, and Credits -- 2. Crania -- 3. Humeri -- 4. Radii and Ulnae -- 5. Femora -- 6. Tibiae -- 7. Human (Homo sapiens) -- 8. Horse (Equus caballus) -- 9. Cow (Bos taurus and Bos indicus) -- 10. Bear (Ursus americanus) -- 11. Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) -- 12. Pig (Sus scrofa) -- 13. Goat (Capra hircus) -- 14. Sheep (Ovis aries) -- 15. Dog (Canis familiaris) -- 16. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) -- 17. Opossum (Didelphis virginiana) -- 18. Cat (Felis catus) -- 19. Rabbit (Sylvilagus carolinensis and Oryctolagus cunniculus) -- 20. Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) -- 21. Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) -- 22. Chicken (Gallus gallus) -- 23. Miscellaneous Animals -- 24. Traces of Butchery and Bone Working